Challenging the Norm: Debating minimum age to hold high-ranking public offices

I. Introduction

In modern democracies, the debate surrounding the minimum age required to hold high-ranking public offices, particularly the presidency, has been a recurring and evolving topic. This discourse is highlighted in various studies, demonstrating that it remains a subject of ongoing discussion. For example, research on youth political inclusion, underscores the growing relevance of this debate, reflecting broader concerns regarding youth participation in governance and the renewal of democratic practices. Globally, the trend towards electing younger leaders reflects a generational shift in politics, driven by the demand for renewal and new perspectives. This phenomenon has gained prominence in various regions, including Latin America, Europe, and beyond, where younger generations are increasingly assuming leadership roles. Leaders such as Emmanuel Macron in France, and Daniel Noboa in Ecuador, have become symbols of this shift.

In this context, the question of reducing the minimum age to run for president is not only pertinent to certain countries but also to the global political landscape. This article examines the social, political, and legal implications of lowering the minimum age for presidential candidates, evaluating the potential benefits and challenges, and proposing a comprehensive solution: the creation of political training academies for high-ranking public officials.

 

II. Global Context and the Debate on the Minimum Age

In many countries, age restrictions for accessing the presidency are a controversial issue. For instance, the minimum age of 35, as outlined in Article 25 of the Constitution of Chile, mirrors the requirements in several other countries, such as the United States and Mexico, which impose the same age requirement for the presidency. However, the increasingly interconnected world, characterised by rapid technological changes and shifting social values, has prompted a reassessment of these limits. This marks the emergence of a new model of leadership, one that prioritises political renewal and a closer connection with younger generations.

There are compelling arguments in favour of reducing the minimum age. Such a policy shift could offer greater representation for youth, a demographic often disconnected from traditional political structures. Young leaders, being more attuned to the realities of their peers, may be better positioned to address the aspirations and concerns of the population through contemporary media platforms like social networks.

Nevertheless, there are also strong arguments against lowering the age requirement. Critics contend that experience is crucial for addressing the complex challenges inherent in national leadership. Scholars such as José Francisco Jiménez Díaz have emphasised that maturity and experience are fundamental to decision-making, particularly in times of crisis and global transformation. While youth may bring energy and fresh ideas, maturity and experience are deemed necessary for sound decision-making at the highest levels. It is crucial to recognise, however, that age alone does not guarantee effective leadership; factors such as education, professional experience, and interpersonal skills are equally significant. Some propose alternative measures, such as requiring a professional career or higher education, though these could be viewed as discriminatory, potentially marginalising those without access to such opportunities—not due to a lack of ability, but because of socioeconomic factors.

 

III. Legal and Social Implications

Any change to the eligibility requirements for presidential candidates would necessitate a constitutional reform, a complex process that would require approval from relevant legislative bodies. This would likely be a challenging task, particularly in politically polarised environments. However, the need to adapt laws and policies to reflect contemporary social and cultural changes is undeniable. What once seemed unattainable could, in fact, be part of a necessary and evolving democratic conversation.

The global context demonstrates a growing demand for young leaders who represent the interests of new generations. From Latin America to Europe, the rise of younger politicians is reshaping traditional political dynamics. This trend reflects a desire for leadership that can address the modern challenges of the 21st century, such as climate change, economic inequality, migration, and the digital revolution.

 

IV. Training and Preparation for High Political Positions

One of the primary concerns regarding younger leaders is ensuring they are adequately prepared for the responsibility of high office. To address this, the creation of political training academies for aspiring public officials offers a promising solution. Such institutions could provide candidates with comprehensive education in key areas like constitutional law, public policy, economics, leadership, and diplomacy.

These academies would offer a holistic approach to political training, blending theoretical knowledge with practical skills in areas such as management, communication, and conflict resolution. Importantly, these institutions would not discriminate on the basis of age, gender, or socioeconomic background. Instead, they would provide equal opportunities for all citizens interested in politics, regardless of their personal circumstances.

Additionally, the establishment of such academies could enhance transparency and legitimacy in the electoral process. Voters would have greater confidence in the preparedness of candidates, knowing that they have undergone rigorous training to assume high office. This could help restore public trust in the political system, which has often been eroded by perceptions of incompetence or corruption.

 

V. The Impact of Young Leaders on Global Society

Young leaders bring a fresh perspective to politics, one that resonates with the expectations of current generations. They have the unique ability to connect with younger electorates, particularly through digital platforms, fostering a more direct and personal form of communication. This enhances their legitimacy and social acceptance, enabling them to address issues that directly affect the youth.

The experiences of young leaders such as Macron and Noboa demonstrate that leadership is not solely determined by years of life experience. Instead, it can be shaped by the effective use of new communication tools, public management strategies, and forward-thinking approaches. These leaders represent a shift towards more inclusive, collaborative problem-solving and the promotion of policies that address the challenges facing contemporary societies.

 

VI. Recommendations and Conclusions

The debate on reducing the minimum age for presidential candidates should not focus solely on the advantages and disadvantages of allowing younger individuals to lead. More importantly, it should also consider how to ensure that all candidates for public office, regardless of age, are adequately trained to exercise power responsibly. The creation of political training academies could be an effective solution, providing future leaders with the necessary knowledge and skills to govern effectively.

This model would be especially relevant in today’s increasingly interconnected and diverse world, where demands for change and renewal are stronger than ever. Accessible and formal political education could contribute to a more participatory, inclusive, and modern democracy.

In conclusion, the debate on eligibility for public office should consider not just age, but also the preparation and commitment of candidates to serve the public good. The implementation of political training academies would be a step towards a more equitable and transparent political system, ensuring the professional renewal of the global political class.